The Interdependence and Indivisibility of Human Rights :: Government

The Interdependence and Indivisibility of Human Rights ABSTRACT: This paper defends the claim that the contemporary canon of human rights forms an indivisible and interdependent system of norms against both "Western" and "Asian" critics who have asserted exceptionalist or selectivist counterclaims. After providing a formal definition of human rights, I argue that the set of particular human rights that comprises the contemporary canon represents an ethical-legal paradigm which functions as an implicit theory of human oppression. On this view, human rights originate as normative responses to particular historical experiences of oppression. Since historically known experiences of oppression have resulted from practices that function as parts of systems of domination, normative responses to these practices have sought to disarm and dismantle such systems by depriving potential oppressors of the techniques which enable them to maintain their domination. Therefore, human rights norms form a systematic and interdependent whole because only as parts of a system can they function as effective means for combatting oppression and domination. Representatives of the human rights movement claim that the contemporary canon of human rights forms a indivisible and interdependent system of norms so that it is improper for governments to pick and choose among human rights those which they will honor while interpreting other human rights as optional, dispensable, non-obligatory, or even as "unreal." But the notion of the indivisibility of human rights has come under attack in recent years by some Asian governments which have claimed that the contemporary canon of human rights represents "Western values" which are in many respects inconsistent with "Asian values." At the same time, some Western governments, in particular the United States of America, have failed to ratify several of the covenants dealing with economic, social, and cultural rights, claiming that the rights represented in these instruments are merely "aspirational." The contemporary canon of human rights refers to the entire set of internationally recognized human rights declarations and conventions, beginning with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and including all of the subsequently drafted and enacted international human rights instruments, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Declaration on the Right to Development, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and several dozens of other international documents which identify and codify human rights norms. Given that each of these documents contain several dozen articles, many of which describe several, complex rights, all together there are probably well over one hundred things that can be identified as "human rights" based on the canon.

Indo European Migrations

Indo-European pp Migrations pp 42-45 (period 8 pp 54-57) ben hiatt per. 1 9/4/12 1. Linguists noticed that certain language were related called them Indo- European. List the major subgroups of this family of languages. The major subgroups of this family of languages is hindi, farsi and most European languages. 2. Where was the original homeland of the Indo European speakers? The original home land of the indo European speakers is probably the steppe region of modern day Ukraine 3. How did the domestication of horses facilitate the lives of the Indo-Europeans? think migration)it was easier to migrate on horses than to walk on foot. 4. Describe the migration of the I-A’s from 3000BCE to 1000CE. The earliest indo European society began to break up around 3000 bce, and continued the migrations until about 1000 ce. 5. Discuss thoroughly the Hittites. The hitties built a powerful kingdom and establishes a close relationship with the Mesopotamians. They were responsible for light and horse drawn war carriages. 6. Discuss the the two technological innovations of the Hittites.The two technological things the hitties made were light and horse drawn war carriges. Both of which greatly strengthened their society and influenced other peoples societys too. 7. Discuss the eastern migration of the Indo-Aryans. While the hitties were building their empire in Anatolia some indo Europeans were migrating east to central asia. 8. Discuss the Western migrations of the Indo-Aryans. This move west took the indo Aryans west into greeceafter 2200 bce. 9. Discuss the Southern migrations. Another wave of migrations established some indo Europeans in the presence of iran and india.

Ap World Compare and Contrast Essay - 618 Words

During the years 1200 to 1500 CE, two ideal empires, Mali of Sub – Saharan Africa and the Aztecs of the Americas developed into truly influential and powerful empires. Both empires shared a similarity in economy but a different society. The Mali and Aztecs both traded, but while Mali traded with Islamic regions developing Islamic institutions within its borders, the Aztecs traded locally consequently not being influenced by outside cultures. Both Empires differed in society in which women in Mali tended to have more rights than women in an Aztec society whom they had little to no role in their society. Also social structure of both societies varied in which Mali had extended families and clans serve as the main foundation of their social†¦show more content†¦Women of Aztec society played almost no role in the political affairs of a society. Women were not able to inherit property or hold high officials as the women of the Mali were able to do. Extended families and clans served as the main foundation of social and economic organization in Mali society. The male heads of the families governed the village and organized the work of their own groups. The aspect of family was well intertwined with authority. Thus most villagers functioned in society firsts as members of a family or a clan. Although families were the main foundation of the social classes in Mali society, in Aztec it was much different. Aztec society was rigidly hierarchical, with public honors and rewards going to the military elite. The military elite were the main authority of social organization in the Aztec society. As a result families were the main aspect of social structure in Mali society while military elites were the main social aspect in Aztec society. Therefore, both Mali and Aztec Empires benefited from trade but they received different responses from it. Mali was introduced to Islam from trade because of trading to other societies. Aztecs did not experience any change in culture because they traded locally. Women roles were different in both societies, women of Mali enjoyed more rights in comparison to the women of Aztec society whom received little to no rights. The social structure of Mali was generally a moreShow MoreRelatedAp World History Compare and Contrast Essay Egypt vs. Mesopotamia632 Words   |  3 Pagesthere was enforced by none other than the Sumerians, which can be seen in many similar ideas and traits passed on today’s modern world. Undoubtedly as one of our world’s first civilizations, Mesopotamia and Egypt played a crucial role in not only their time, but in today’s current world as well. This can be taken away from the use of developing many tools to shape the world, most notably through the use of mathematics and the sciences. 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